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KMID : 0389520150220020070
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Sleep Medicine.Psychophysiology
2015 Volume.22 No. 2 p.70 ~ p.76
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Psychophysiological Characteristics of Insomnia Patients Measured by Biofeedback System
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허성영:Huh Sung-Young
이진성:Lee Jin-Seong/김성곤:Kim Sung-Gon/김지훈:Kim Ji-Hoon/정우영:Jung Woo-Young
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Abstract
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Background and Objectives: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the general population and is considered to be a disorder of hyperarousal. The aim of this study was to measure the psychophysiological responses in insomnia patients using a biofeedback system, and to compare them with results from normal healthy subjects.
Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with primary insomnia (35 males and 45 females, average age 49.71±12.91years ) and 101 normal healthy controls (64 males and 37 females, average age 27.65±2.77 ) participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG), heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), skin temperature (ST), and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded using a biofeedback system during 5 phases (baseline, stress 1, recovery 1, stress 2, recovery 2) of a stress reactivity test, and average values were calculated. Difference in values between the two groups in each corresponding phase was analyzed with independent t-test, and change in values across phases of the stress reactivity test was analyzed with paired t-test (all two-tailed, p<0.05).
Results: Compared to normal controls, insomnia patients had higher EMG in all 5 phases (baseline : 7.72±3.88㎶ vs. 4.89±1.73㎶, t = -6.06, p<0.001 ; stress 1 : 10.29±5.16㎶ vs. 6.63±2.48㎶, t = -5.84, p<0.001 ; recovery 1 : 7.87±3.86㎶ vs. 5.17±2.17㎶, t = -5.61, p<0.001 ; stress 2 : 10.22±6.07㎶ vs. 6.98±2.98㎶, t = -4.37, p<0.001 ; recovery 2 : 7.88±4.25㎶ vs. 5.17±1.99㎶, t = -5.27, p<0.001). Change in heart rate across phases of the stress reactivity test were higher in normal controls than in insomnia patients (stress 1-baseline : 6.48±0.59 vs. 3.77±0.59 , t = 3.22, p = 0.002 ; recovery 1- stress 1 : -5.36±0.0.59 vs. -3.16±0.47 , t = 2.91, p = 0.004 ; stress 2-recovery 1 : 8.45±0.61 vs. 4.03±0.47 , t = 5.72, p<0.001 ; recovery 2-stress 2 : -8.56±0.65 vs. 4.02±0.51 , t = -5.31, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Psychophysiological profiles of insomnia patients in a stress reactivity test were different from those of normal healthy controls. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is more highly activated in insomnia patients.
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KEYWORD
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Insomnia, Psychophysiology, Biofeedback, Physiological stress reactivity, Electromyography
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